先導手柄
Pilot handle
液壓先導手柄，位于駕駛室內座椅前，左右各一個。由先導泵提供壓力，通過挖掘機駕駛員操作動作，產生二次壓力從先導手柄流出控制壓力，到達主控閥（多路閥，分配器）閥柱軸向端，推動主閥閥桿控制動作，從而實現了人為控制液壓系統工作，低壓油路控制高壓油路的設計。
Hydraulic pilot handle, located in front of the seat inside the cab, one on the left and one on the right. The pressure is provided by the pilot pump, and through the operation of the excavator driver, secondary pressure is generated. The control pressure flows out of the pilot handle and reaches the axial end of the main control valve (multi way valve, distributor) valve column, pushing the main valve stem to control the action, thus achieving the design of manually controlling the hydraulic system work and controlling the high-pressure oil circuit through the low-pressure oil circuit.
先導手柄機構上部分是手動操作桿，下部分為手柄主閥體。撥開手柄外層護罩可以看到頂端有四個柱塞被鐵蓋壓住，中間是個萬向節。底部連接六根液壓管,分別是進油管，回油管，4個動作管，注意進油口會安裝小濾網，可以定期清理。
The upper part of the pilot handle mechanism is a manual operating lever, and the lower part is the main valve body of the handle. Pulling off the outer cover of the handle, we can see that there are four plungers at the top which are pressed by the iron cover, and there is a universal joint in the middle. Connect six hydraulic pipes at the bottom, namely the inlet pipe, return pipe, and four action pipes. Note that a small filter screen will be installed at the oil inlet, which can be cleaned regularly.
先導手柄故障
Pilot handle failure
▊手柄操作重：
▊ Handle operation weight:
手柄由于的不同，用戶操作起來的感覺是不一樣的。有時候感覺手柄重并不是機器出了問題，可能只是個人在使用習慣上的一種錯覺，可以事先調節手柄的長度，看看使用效果。如果手柄比以前有明顯沉重現象，就需要檢查相應的部件，檢測先導泵壓力是否過大（一般達到3.2MPA就可以），查看先導濾芯濾油是否通暢。
Due to different brands, the user's feeling when operating the handle is different. Sometimes the feeling that the handle is heavy is not a problem with the machine, it may just be an illusion of personal usage habits. You can adjust the length of the handle in advance to see the effect of use. If the handle is noticeably heavier than before, it is necessary to check the corresponding components, check if the pilot pump pressure is too high (usually up to 3.2MPA), and check if the pilot filter oil is unobstructed.
▊手柄發抖
▊ Handle trembles
出現手柄發抖的情況時，測量先導泵壓力，并觀察液壓表指針是否來回擺動（跳動），若出現該現象，就分解檢查先導泵，多數是齒輪磨損嚴重或掉齒造成先導壓力不穩定。先導調壓閥（先導溢流閥）出現卡泄導致壓力過高也會造成手柄發抖的情況。
When the handle trembles, measure the pressure of the pilot pump and observe whether the pointer of the hydraulic gauge swings back and forth (bouncing). If this phenomenon occurs, disassemble and inspect the pilot pump. Most cases are caused by severe gear wear or tooth loss, resulting in unstable pilot pressure. The pilot pressure regulating valve (pilot overflow valve) may become stuck and cause excessive pressure, which can also cause the handle to shake.
▊挖機單獨動作慢：
The excavator moves slowly alone:
如果挖掘機出現動作慢，發動機還不憋車，就要考慮先導系統了。出現該故障時，先檢查先導泵壓力，若先導泵壓力正常，在單獨測量故障動作的先導“二次壓力”。下一步拆檢手柄閥芯，是否有磨損卡澀，密封圈損壞等故障。
If the excavator moves slowly and the engine is not holding the vehicle, the pilot system should be considered. When this fault occurs, first check the pressure of the pilot pump. If the pressure of the pilot pump is normal, measure the "secondary pressure" of the pilot for the fault action separately. Next, disassemble and inspect the handle valve core to see if there are any wear, jamming, or damaged sealing rings.
先導手柄檢測
Pilot handle detection
需要外接一塊壓力表，沿著先導手柄液壓管到主閥閥蓋處，接上壓力表就可以了。當然相比先導泵壓力，先導手柄的“二次壓力”會略低。
You need to connect an external pressure gauge, along the hydraulic pipe of the pilot handle to the main valve cover, and then connect the pressure gauge. Of course, compared to the pressure of the pilot pump, the "secondary pressure" of the pilot handle will be slightly lower.
先導手柄保養
Pilot Handle Maintenance
先導手柄的保養相對簡單一些，大家只要記住先導濾芯每工作500小時需要更換、先導柱塞頭需要黃油潤滑，確保不干磨就可以。當然上面結構里提到的手柄進油口有濾網要做到勤觀察、勤清理。
The maintenance of the pilot handle is relatively simple. Everyone only needs to remember that the pilot filter element needs to be replaced every 500 hours of operation, and the pilot plunger head needs to be lubricated with butter to ensure that it does not dry grind. Of course, the filter screen at the oil inlet of the handle mentioned in the above structure should be observed and cleaned frequently.
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